Camera with copy and image centering means



Feb. 11, 1947- GAEBEL CAMERA WITH COPY AND IMAGE CENTERING MEANS 8 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 5, 1945 .3. 9 5 i i: EH 4 g 7 QJ 5 974 1 U I I Ila I Feb. 11, 1947. GAEBEL 2,415,424

CAMERA WITH COPY AND IMAGE CENTERING MEANS Filed Feb. 5, 1943 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIE. 5H.

1947- A. H. GAEBEL CAMERA WITH COPY AND IMAGE CENTERING MEANS Filed Feb. 5, 1943 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 ZNVENTOR.

Feb. 11, 1947. A GAEBEL 2,415,424

CAMERA WITH COPY AND IMAGE CENTERING MEANS Filed Feb. 5, 1945 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 r 2 if? \0 A 5" I. 'v 411;; if 1 7- 1 T h '2; A I i 1H 1, I i 11 in I L 38 91 l i 27 3y 1 i L i 40 Feb. 11, 1947. GAEBEL CAMERA WITH COPY AND IMAGE QENTERING MEANS 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Feb. 5, 1943 INVENTOR.

ml dwllnw Feb. 11, 1947. A. H. GAEBEL 2,415,424

CAMERA WITH COPY AND IMAGE CENTERING MEANS Filed Feb. 5, 1943 8 s s 6 .F="IE.J5. 195' m w 32', Zoo

= I90 I i 5 I72 13h g H I? f, 205 If! Wm. r;;-- himh w' 'gmrr ww ll|.lfi

FIEJE. M r

I2 IE! 5 105a. IN V EN TOR.

CAMERA WITH COPY AND HE Filed Feb. 5, 1945 8 Sheets-Sheet T Feb. 1947. A. H. GAEBEL CAMERA WITH COPY AND IMAGE CENTERING MEANS Filed Feb. 5, 1943 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 Ia I a "HI!" a INVEN TOR.

Patented Feb. 11, 1 947 UNITED STAT S PATENT OFFICE Arthur H. Gaebel, Larchmont, N. Y.

Application February 5, 1943, Serial No. 474,794

l5 Elairns. I

This invention relates to photographic devices and more particularly to copying cameras such as are used for copyingletters, records, maps, etc., and in photo-engraving and lithography for reproducing photos, art work, type matter and the like in actual size and in various enlargements and reductions.

In the first instance this particular camera is n ed for making enlargements or reductions and imiles from drawings, photos and the like are placed upon a copy table located under parallel to the focal plane of the lens, the camera comprising a housing to hold a supply of light sensitized material, a lightproof curtain or mask which normally covers said sensitized material, a lens carrier having a lens and connected to the housing through the medium oi a bellows, and a table which holds the copy to be photographed.

In the second instance the invention may be applied to a camera having a right angle prism or mirror and therefore having the copy table at angle to the focal plane of the lens.

Une object of this invention is to provide means for moving the mask to expose a length of sensitized material to the action of the lens while simultaneously centering the lens and copyholder to the center of the exposed portion or the material.

A second object is to provide means to readily determine the exact amount of sensitized material to be exposed to the action of the lens, and at all enlargements or reductions of any object, drawing, etc.

A third object is to provide means for discharging the exposed material and advancing a like portion of fresh material into the same area.

A fourth object is to provid means to sever such exposed material. I

A fifth object is to provide a copying camera having its component elements above one am other in order to save floor space.

An additional object of this invention is to provide a light source used to locate the position of the image within the camera from a point outside of the camera located upon the copy holder for readily determining the amount of sensitized material to be exposed to the action of the lens, said light source being operated through the motion of the mask and the focal length of the camera.

Means for removing the exposed material to the dark room for developing are also provided.

Roll sensitized material copying cameras now in common use have the roll of material in a fixed position at the top of the housing and extending downwardly to the feed roller and severing means, the material being in a vertical position, and having a light protective curtain which also rolls down from the top to protect that portion of the material not to be exposed.

Therefore the material exposed to the action of the lens is always out of center of the lens except when the entire area is being exposed for the largest photo and this is by far the rare exposure rather than the average.

It is readily seen that when the smaller exposures are made that only that material starting from the very lowest point in the camera is exposed to the action of the lens, while the sub ject is placed far out of center of the lens also in order that its image may be cast into this area, all of which forces the light rays to be bent by the lens at angles detrimental to the making of clear, sharply defined fines due to the fact that these lenses do not resolve sharply at angles of over 22% degrees below their optical axis or center.

It is necessary to adjust the ground glass to locate the ge onto the exposable area and at times to must the lens to a lower than normal position in order to attain this result, the former requiring time and labor and the latter throwing the graduated'scale out of alignment for taking the distance between the lens and object.

To overcome these disadvantages my camera utilizes a housing holding the sensitized material, which will hereafter be termed the film, a light excluding curtain or sheet, which will hereafter be termed the mask, arranged to slide within the housing in such manner as to uncover at will of the operator a measured amount of film to the action of the lens and to simultaneously move the lens in the same direction with the movement of the mask but at half the speed and to move the copy holder also in the same direction at the speed of the lens thereby holding the object always in the center of the lens and in the center of the exposed portion of the film.

In a camera having the copy holder at right angles to the plane of the lens it is not necessary to move the copy holder, as in this type of construction my lens is fixed to travel only toward and away from the center of the copy table and it is only necessary to place all objects at the center thereof, move the lens and mask, and the image will be Centered. The mirror reflector in this type of camera is used to reverse the image.

It is understood that in my vertical type camera Where all elements, copy table, lens carrier and film are held in parallel planes, that if it be required that the image be reversed from the normal action of the lens alone a series of mirrors or a pentagonal or roof type prism may be used without affecting the working ofmy invention.

Una object of this invention therefore is to pro videa copy camera having a film housing including a movable mask, a movable lens and a movable copy table and means for moving all three in the same direction but at difierent speeds and in. the second instance moving only the lens and mask in the same direction at difierent speeds and providing a scale attached to the lens car-' rier for measuring the distance between the lens and copy table.

-l"nese and other objects and features of the invention will appear from the following detailed specifications and the accompanying drawings.

. operating the mask'discharging the already exposed film and supplying fresh film for the next exposure. It also illustrates how the distance of the lens to the copy table and the distance of the film and lens can be changed by the operation of a single crankshaft at the base of the device.

Fig. 3a is a section through the one way clutch facilitating the discharge and recharging of th film to the exposure position.

Fig. 3b is a section taken on-the line 3b-lb of Fig. 3:; showing further details of the one way and the disengageable clutch.

Fig. 3 is a section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 showing further details of the mechanism used in advancing the film to exposure position and for moving the mask.

Fig. 4 is a section taken on the line l l of Fig. 2 showing further details of the mechanism for changing the focal length of the camera.

Fig. 5 is a section taken on the line t-5 oi 2 showing the common shaft operating the mask, lens carrier and copy table.

on the copy table preliminary to making the exposure.

Fig. 14 is a further modification showing an arrangement wherein the mask and the film ejector respectively are movable. The movement of the film ejector is restrained through a stop located upon the mask so as to prevent it from advancing more than the amount exposed and to advance only an amount equal to it.

Fig. 15 illustrates the use of my invention in connection with a copying camera that has its copy table at right angles to the focal plane'of the lens. i

Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic View showing the manner in which the light rays enter the camera shown in Fig. 15 through the lens when exposing a full length of film, the lens being centered to the length of film to be exposed.

Fig. 17 is a diagrammatic view showing the arrangement of parts in my camera when taking a' smaller picture than shown in Fig. 16. Note that in the latter case the focal axis of the lens is again in the center of the exposed length of film.

Referring to Fig. 1, numeral 20 indicates the housing of the copying camera that supports the sliding mask 2!. The sensitive film 24 (Fig. 2)

. is located within the housing 25 that is located i5 is a modification of the copy camera shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. l is a plan view of the parallelogram' shown in Fig. 6.

i3 is a. detailed view of the bevel gears are used to operate the parallelogram t In in Figs. 3 and '7 mg. shows the moved to another Z.

Ingram shown in Fig. 8 to that shown in is another .iflcation of the copying shown in Fig. ii. The camera shown in a light source including a bulb g a beam of light but is projected from o m that is hingeably supported upon the mera. This iight is utilized to locate the posi=-' tion or the edge of the mask within the camera the edge of the drawing to be photographed ri the copy table preliminary to taking the picure.

3.1 is a section through the film holder of the copying camera shown in Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 illustrates another modification of the copying camera shown in Fig, l. in t y latter over the mask Ed. .The film 24 is placed under an idler 26, Fig. 2, and then is passed between a pair of rollers 2'7 and 28. The roller 21 is an idler while the roller 28 is driven by the shaft 29 which in turn is attached to the ratchet member 38 of the one way clutch- 3! (Fig.- 3a), The one way clutch is constructed in such a manner as to allow the roller 28 to rotate only in clockwise fashion thus exerting a pulling action upon the film 2 3. A cutting knife 32 is located beyond the rollers 27 and 28 to facilitate the cutting off of the exposed film. After the film is cut it is deposited within a-lightproof-box 33 that is attached by a thumbscrew 34 to the housing 28 of the camera. In case that the already exposed film has to be removed from the light proof box 33 and should the camera be in a darkroom, a cover 35 is hingeably attached to the box 33 which can be opened to remove the film, or the whole lightproof box 33 can be removed. by unscrewing the thumbscrew 3t.

The film housing 25 has a cover 20a hingeabl'y attached thereto which can be opened when it is requlred to charge the device with a fresh roll of film. The cover 20a is opened by turning the hook 202) and hinging the cover upon the hinge 20c.

' A slide may be provided to make the box 33 light tight while carrying it from the camera to members 39 and 40 while the lens carrier 36 is attached to a pair of sliding members 4| and 42. The members 39, 40, H and 42' slide vertically upon a pair of upright supports 43- and 44 which are attached to a base 45 upon the extensions 46. A calibrated scale 41 is etched upon the up right 44 and a pointer 48 is located upon the member 42. A gear rack 49 is rigidly attached to the hub 40a of the member 40 and is slidably fitted within the hub 42a. of the member 42. A spur gear 50 (see Fig. 4) is in mesh with the gear rack 49. The gear 59 is secured to the operating shaft 5| which in turn is attached to a worm gear 52 that is rotated by a worm 53, Fig. 5. The worm 53 is turned by the flexible shaft 54, Fig. one end which rotates within the bearing 55 that is attached upon the shaft 5!.

The other end of the flexible shaft b lls at tached to the spur gear 56 and rotates within the bearing 51 which is secured to the underside of the base 45. A crankshaft 58 is supported with-= in the bearings 59 and 60 held under the base 45. The rotation upon the handle the crankshaft 58 will rotate the male member 62 of the two way clutch 63 which in turn will rotate the female member 64 of the clutch 63. female member 64 is secured to a worm 65 that is supported by the bearing 66 and rotates a worm gear 5?. A pair of toothed pulleys 58 and 69 is secured upon a common shaft Ill and rotated by the action of the worm gear 6'! whenever the crank-shaft is operated by the operator to lie copying camera 25 above the copy table The table it is slidably 45 and has a number of small are fitted within grooves 13 that are cut into the top of the base. A handle 14 is attached to the copy table H to help in moving it upon the base.

b shaft iii. bushingrune-d to 1' nly secured upon the upright additional gear 32 is held upon a upright shaft 8! so that the shaft The or the member 42 and is slidably semale member 64 but \will engage the spur gear to a spur gear 58a that is rigidly attached upon the crank-shaft 58. By turning upon the shaft 58 the spur gear 58a will turn the spur gear 55 which in turn will rotate the flexible shaft 54 that turns the worm that operates the worm gear 52.

The worm gear 52 being attached to the spur gear 59, by means of the shaft 5|, will cause the lens carrier to move along the rack 49 whenever it is required to change the distance between the lens carrier 36 and the film housing 20 when changing the focal length. A calibrated scale is etched on rod 49 and an indicator is attached to support 42 to facilitate setting to the proper focal length.

To facilitate the vertical movement of the copying camera upon the uprights 43 and 44, a pair of slotted endless belts 93 and 94 are attached to the toothed pulleys 68 and 69. One

- d of the endless belt 93 is attached at 39a to 95 of and is connected to the counter weight 96 ill is made to slide within the gear 82. A third gear 84 is rigidly held to the lower end 85 of shaft which in turn rotates within a bearing upon the base 45.

spur gear 92 is in mesh with a gear rack attached at88 to the lens holder 31 and the spur gear 94 is in mesh with the gear rack 89 at tached upon one margin of the copy table ll, while a spacer rod 90 is rigidly held to the member 39 at 91 and is made toslide within a hub 41a of the member 4!. A thumbscrew 92 serves to secure in place the rod 90 to the member 4! after the focal length has been set by rotating the crank-shaft 58.

The crank-shaft 58 is slidably held within the bearings 59 and 69 in such a manner as to allow the shaft to be moved outwardly by the operator. The above mentioned action will disengage the male member 62 of the clutch 63 from the fethat is movable axially of the tubular upright 43. After passing under the toothed roller 61, the

belt 93 extends back to its starting position at 39a. The belt 94 is passed over a roller 94a at the upper end 95 of the tubular member 44 is connected to another counter weight 96', then again under the toothed roller 68 and back to' its starting position 40a upon the member 4!.

Fig. 2 shows two tubular lights on the inside of the their rays projected by the camera lens upon the copy table. The light 5:; is attached tot-he edge of the mask and travels with it, and the light M612 is attached to the extreme opposite edge of the housing 20 at the spot where the film goes between the rollers 21 and 28 and is adjacent roller 23. The lights may be flashed on and the camera lens 38 projects their imag upon the copy table as two lines of light. I; rally the lights must be of red color so as to fog that portion of the film that is exposed between the edge of the mask and the rollers, and a colored protective filter must be inserted in the lens 38 to prevent outside rays of actinic properties from enteringthe camera and fogging the exposed film.

The copy table is adjusted until the two barsv of light encompass or border the object to be photographed. Moving the copy .table in the direction of the arrow by the handle 74 will move the mask and light closer to the fixed light I460.

and likewise the images upon the copy table will be moved closed together but will always show the eaxct available area of film that is exposed to the action of the lens. The camera must be in its proper focal adjustment and it is then only necessary to move the copy table until the lights in that its light source lies outside of the camera and therefore need not be colored nor of a protective character and no filter is required in the lens but its function is the same as the light source l45a in Fig. 2. Only one boundary is indicated when a single light is used but if the a copy is placed exactly in the center of the copy table then the opposite boundary will be encompassed within the area of the exposed film.

' Fig. 10 shows a source of light Mi which consists of an electric bulb and lens held within a reflector and having a focussing adjustment knob I lla that is held upon an arm I42 and is hingeably attached to a' pin Hi3 fastened to the lens carrier 35. The other end I44 of the arm is pivoted upon a pin M5 which is attached to the gear rack I5. The arm I42 has a slot 335 within which the pin I43 slides when the focal length of the camera is changed. An electric cord I l'I is supplying current to the source i ll to reflect a beam of light upon the copy table While no description of the electric cord was given for the tubular lights described above as in Fig. 2, i is assumed that they are provided as required. It is also assumed that the lights in Fig. 2 may be of any color or type or may of fluorescent material that will reflect its iace from light transmitted to it that would It is understood that varieties of varying senii infrared film, panand that photo electric cells may the copy table along one edge he placed upon mall lights. se of the device shown in 12. the itivc film I99 is held upon a moving film rrier I39 in connection with the film rollers and I53 and the film cutting knife I52. The re carrier M9 is moved by an endless belt I53 carrier 2. 5 356 that against a scale I51 f motion and the moved in remove-i rotate by the operator rich determines the amo distance the film carrier spect to the length of film to be exposed by the I ask I58. The mask i58 is attached to the belt at 559 and slotted arm IBI is fastened upon the outside of the camera by the pin 562 which is held at I6? upon the mask 158 while the other :1": the list is hingeably secured by the I63 upon the lens holder H54. in this case as in the device shown in Fig. 10, a source of light I65 is attached to the end of the arm lei. The light source I65 is projecting a beam or" light upon the copy table I66 thereby disclosing the position of the masks edge in the camera above and facilitating the setting of the mask to the proper point to encompass the image without wasteof film. The curtain I5Ia,

ent the severed film from falling into the era and directs said film into the light tight oil). The weight ISIC exerts a pull on the edge of the curtain. I5 Id is a piece of the film previously severed. In this device the lens and copy 1 mainin fixed axial position and the film and mask alone move to center or select ions of the image.

neierring to the m d e device is slmila one shown in Fig. 12. la in the 12 a beam of light has been used as the indicator, in the latter case a "r is used. The pointer I68 is attached lower portion I59 of the slotted arm is pivotably held at i621: to the camera ig l lo and is hingeably attached to the lens r it lo at i53a. The lower portion of the m I @Io has a sliding pin I'Iil that is fitted within a slot Ill in the side I'I2 of the base I66. This arrangement makes it possible to hold the pointer in the right position upon the base I66 and just above the object itl. y

In the modification shown in Fig. 14 the film ation shown in Fig. 13,

is secured the operating knob I89 which moves in a slot in the upper wall of the housing. The mask -I8I extends through the front end wall of the housing and is provided with a manipulating means I92 at its forward end. At its inner end, the mask is provided with an upwardly extending stop member I83 with which cooperates a stop pin I84 carried by the upward extension lit of the rack I'lt to control the film feeding movement of the rack in accordance with the position of the mask.

Referring now to the right-angle photo-carrying camera shown in Fig. 15, it comprises a film housing I85 that holds the film I86. The film I86 is made to pass between feed rollers I 8? and I88 which are driven by means of a gear I89 located upon the outside of the film housing I85. The gear I89 is in mesh with a gear rack 599 that is pushed in the direction shown by the arrow when the operator desires to remove a certain length of film. The rack has a handle IQfia and a projection I90b. The mask 266 also has a projection 200a protruding into the path of the travel of projection I99? and thereby restraining its motion upward to the length of the exposed area of the film as determined by the position of the mask. Moving the handle I 90a downward revolves the one way clutch I8'Ia attached to the spur gear I89 in clockwise direction and through the feed roller 38? and idler roller I88 ejects the exposed film into the light tight developing chamber or other receptacle I92, and advances a like amount of fresh film into the exposure position. A knife blade MI is used to cut the exposed film IBfia from the rest of the film I86. The housing :35 is ccnnected to the lens carrier I93 by means of a bellows I94. A secondary gear rack I95 is attached to the mask 200 within the camera through a light tight slide of well known con-.

struction so that when the rack I95 is moved the mask 290 will follow. I

When it is desired to set the camera to take an exposure, the crank-handle I9'ia is turned and being attached to shaft I9I revolves the spur gear I98 and the twice-as-large spur gear I95. The gear I98 lowers or raises the center of the lens while the gear I98 raises or lowers the mask in the same direction but at twice the speed. In this manner the lens is always held in the center of the length of the exposed film. The film housing I35 is now moved upon its supporting frame 29I and along the scale 7292 indicated by the pointer 203 etched upon-the housing I855. The copying table is next lowered or raised, the scale 206 being used against a pointer 29? etched upon the copy table 294. When changing the focal length, the shaft I9'I slides within the bearing I 96a and the gear I96. When setting the lens and mask 200, the scale etched upon the housing I85 is used by the indicating pointer attached to the rack I95. It will be noted that the scale 20B is rigidly fastened to the lens carrier I93 through the rack I99, and moves up and down with the lens and therefore gives the lens-to-copy-table distance at all times upon the placing of the pointer. The one way clutch and film ejector means are similar in construction to that shown in Fig. 14, and have been described in conjunction with its use on the camera shown in Fig. 1, with this difference that the two way clutch shown in Fig. 373 will not be required.

Referring to the modification shown in Figs. 6 to 9, the mask 2| has an extension 88 extending beyond the camera 99 through the slot M0. The extension 98 has an arm IOI pivotably attached thereto which in turn is attached at I03 to the swivel arm I02. The swivel arm i? is secured to an upright shaft I04 which rotates in a bearing I05 attached to the film housing I06 and it is fitted to or within a hollow secondary shaft I01 which extends below the camera 99 to the base Hi8 and has a gear I09 attached thereto. The upright shaft Ice. extends beyond the lower portion of the hollow shaft and is attached to an arm N0 of a parallelogram ii I, Figs. 7 and 9, which consists of a straight slotted bar II2 which has a slot H3 and a secondary arm I I4 hingeably attached at I I5 upon the base I08 and at IIO to the straight bar II2. An additional arm III is hingeably attached at one end at M0 to a sliding bearing H8 and has its other end securely held upon a sliding bearing I which has a pair of rollers I2I. The rollers I2I slide within the slot II3 of the straight bar H2. The straight bar H2 is attached to a copy table II2a that moves along with the bar II2 when the parallelogram ill is operated by the rotation of the shaft I0 5. The gear I09 is in mesh with a gear rack lllic that is attached to the sliding member H3 While the member H0 has a square opening II8a fitted over a square support The hollow shaft I0] is rotated through the me dium of a pair of bevel gears I22 and I253. The bevel gear I23 is fixed to the hollow shaft I01 while the bevel gear I22 is held upon a shaft I24 which rotates within a bearing I25. IZ i has also a spur gear l25 which rotates within a bearing l25. The gear I23 is operated by a gear rack I2! that is held upon the film housing HHS at I28.

The bearing I25 is rigidly secured upon the lens carrier I29 and the bearing I30 is held upon the lens carrier I29 while the hollow shaft rotates within the bearing The camera proper is held. upon a pair of sliding members and and the film housing its is he upon the member t ll while the lens carrier s secured upon the member I32. A spacer the member i-ii and is slideably held at I within a hub of the member I32. The member I32 is arranged to move up or down the spacer rod I33 when it is required to change the focal length of the camera and a thumbscrew (not shown) is used to secure the member 132 to the spacer 533. The members I3I and I32 are slideably held upon the hollow tubing I36 while the tubing I35 is held upright upon the base I08 by the casting I 31 which has an elbow bend. The tubing I36 has at the top a roller (not shown) within the casting I30 to support a belt I39 which is placed over the roller and is attached to a counterweight inside the hollow tubing H6. The other end of the band I39 is attached at I40 to the member I3I. The operation of the copying camera shown in Fig. 6 will be described later on.

It can be seen from the Figs. 3a and 317 that the one way clutch used to supply fresh film to the film housing 20 is foolproof as it does not require the attention of the operator every time a new exposure is taken and when fresh film has time Hos The shaft is rigidly attached at 434 upon to be supplied. It can be seen from Fig. 3b, that unless the spur gears 30a and 301) are in mesh and the gear 30b is in mesh with the gear 18, the feeding roller 28 is not operated and no film is supplied to the exposure position. The gears 30a and 30b are brought into contact by the opera tion of the handle 300 that is moved by the oper ator every time a new exposure is taken. a This arrangement permits a free movement of the copy table, lens and mask in either direction until the mask has been finally set without moving the film. Fig. 1 shows the gears in operating position.

Movement of the copy table in the direction of the arrow will advance the film and supply fresh film if so desired by the use of the spur gears 30a and 30b or by the arrangement described having only the one way clutch and dispensing with the advantages outlined above of the freedom of movement derived by the addition of the clutches 30a and 30b.

Operation Referring to the copy camera shown in Figs. 1 to 5, the drawing or object to be photographed is placed upon the center of the copying table "II.

The camera'i's then set to the proper focal position which is determined by the size image desired and to this end the handle 6| in Fig. 2 is drawn toward the operator to disengage the male member 62 of the clutch 63 from the female member 64 and to connect the spur gear 58a to the spur gear 56 that is attached to the flexible shaft 54. The rotation of the crankshaft 58 now will operate the worm and gear 53 and 52 and through the medium of the spur gear 50 that is in mesh with the gear rack 49, will move the sliding members ll and 32 upon the uprights 43 and 44. As the members 39 and Alli stand still but the members ti and are moved through the action of the flexible shaft 54, the distance between the film housing and the lens carrier 36 can be changed at will. To make it easy for the operator to adjust the focal length to the proper position a calibrated scale 420 is etched upon the spacer rod Q3 and a pointer 42?; is etched upon the sliding member 42.

Once this distance is set the thumbscrew 92 in Fig. 4, is made fast against the spacer rod 90 to secure the portion of the camera consisting of the lens carrier and the portion of the camera comprising the film housing to each other.

The crank-shaft 53 is now returned to its original position as shown in Fig. 2, and the operator rotates the crank handle BI to raise or lower the entire camera to or away from the copy table II. The scale 41 etched upon the upright 44 and the pointer 48 fastened to the movable lens support 42 are provided for that purpose and the camera is now in focus.

The next operation is to center the image onto the center of the right amount of film and this is accomplished by moving the copy table to the scale number denoting the size or length of film exposed to the action or the lens. The scale is etched upon the upper side of the movable table and marked Ho and the pointer is fastened at 35a to the base 45. Inasmuch as the mask within the camera is directly geared to the copy table the readings at the table are placed there for convenience to the operator and denote the position of the mask in relation to the amount of film uncovered by it. The action of sliding the copy table will move the gear rack 89 that is securely attached thereto which in turn will rotate the spur gear 84 that is in mesh with it. The spur gear 84 being fastened to the upright shaft 8! will rotate said shaft in the direction shown by the arrow in Fig. 1. When the table II is moved in the direction shown by the arrow it will turn the spur gears 82 and 19 in Fig. 5, that are held over the extension hubs 83 and 80. It can be seen i from the perspective view of Fig. 1, and the cross 82 is the same pitch as the gear 85. The gear rack 16 that is attached to the mask 2| held in the film housing 20 will be moved simultaneously with the copy table H and the lens carrier 31 and in the same direction but at twice the speed of that of the copy table II and the lens carrier 31 because the spur gear 19 is of twice the pitch diameter of the spur gears 82 and as.

Therefore, the lens and the center of the copy table are moved to the center of the length of the film exposed to the action of the lens by the movement of the mask and all move simultaneously.

The calibrated scale used to determine the amount of film to be exposed is practical only when the size of the image is known. When drawings are to be enlarged or reduced, these sizes must be predetermined by slide rule or by mere guess work in order that much film is not wasted.

The method of making this adjustment of the mask by means of any of the various modifica; tions of the tubular lights and the use of the lights themselves will eliminate the use of the slide rule or guess work in making the proper adjustment of the mask.

Likewise the use of the film advancing and film ejecting means as previously described in conjunction with the camera shown in Fig. 15, and in detail in Fig. 14, may be used in the camera shown in Figs. 1 and 2, in place of the two way clutch described and illustrated in Fig. 312.

To this end the handle I80 attached to the rack 15 is drawn toward the bumper 15b rigidly attached to th mask 2|, the pin 15a having been removed to permit of this separate motion. The

bumper 75b is in the path of travel of the end of rack 15 restraining it to a movement only equal to the length of film having been exposed to the action of the lens, In so doing the rack 15 revolves the spur gear 11 in counterclockwise direction. The gear I7 is attached to the ratchet member 30 of the one way clutch 3| that is fitted within the driving roller 28 contacting an idler 27. This motion however will not affect the driving roller and therefore no film will be moved. The handle I80 is now returned toward its original position and in so doing it revolves gear 11 clockwise and locks it to the one way clutch 3| which through shaft 29 revolves the feed roller 28 and the idler 21 between which the film is advanced toward the cut off knife by the exact amount required and may now be severed or left upon the roll as desired. The knife 32 drawn downward will now sever the film which will drop into the lightproof box for removal to the darkroom for development. The camera is now ready for the next exposure.

The modified camera shown in Fig. 10, operates in similar fashion to the camera shown in Fig. l.

The operation of the camera shown in Fig. .6 requires only that the copy be placed in the center of the copy table, the camera set to its proper focal position and the bar ill moved to the edge of the copy to be photographed. Movement of the bar Ill shifts the mask within the camera above to a like position at the edge of the image. It will be understood from the preceding description that I have provided a camera mechanism by means of which the objects of the invention indicated above are obtained. It will be understood that the various embodiments of the invention are susceptible to considerable modification without departing from the invention. Therefore, the forms of the invention described above should be considered as illustrative, only, and not as limiting the scope of the following claims.

I claim:

1. A device including a holder for light sensitive material, a sliding light-excluding curtain normally covering said material, a carrier having a lens, a bellows interposed between said holder and said carrier, an object positioning means located under said lens carrier, motion transmitting means connecting said curtain, said object positioning means, and said carrier for moving said carrier, and said object positioning means in response to movement of said curtain to maintain said lens and said object substantially centered with respect to the sensitive material uncovered by movement of said curtain.

2. A device including a holder for light sensitive material having a sliding light excluding curtain, a carrier having a lens, a bellows interposed between said holder and said carrier, an object table being located under said carrier, and motion transmitting means connecting said curtain, said lens carrier and said tabl for sliding said lens carrier, said curtain and said table in parallel planes to maintain a predetermined relationship therebetween.

3. A device including a holder for light sensitive material having a sliding and adjustable light excluding curtain, a carrier having a lens, a bellows interposed between said holder and said carrier, means for sliding said curtain and exposing a strip of said sensitive material to the action of said lens; an object table parallel to the focal plane of said lens and motion transmitting means connecting said curtain, said carrier and said table for sliding said lens carrier and said table simultaneously with the sliding movement of said curtain, whereby the exposing of said sensitive material by said curtain will move said lens carrier in the same direction as said curtain and at half the speed While also moving the object table aforesaid.

4. A camera including a holder for light sensitive material having an adjustable light-excluding curtain normally covering said material, a carrier having a lens, a bellows interposed between said holder and said carrier, an object table located parallel to the focal plane of said lens, and means coupling said lens carrier to said object table and to said curtain for movement in proportion to the length of sensitive material exposed to the action of said lens by the adjustment of said light excluding curtain.

5. A camera including a holder for light sensitive material, a sliding adjustable light excluding curtain normally covering said material, means for operating said sliding curtain and exposing a measured quantity of said sensitive material to a lens located under said curtain, and means for discharging the sensitive material already exposed to the action of said lens, a sliding .object table parallel to the focal plane of said lens, and means coupling said lens and said object table to said sliding adjustable curtain, for sliding movement in proportion to the movement of said curtain in exposing said length of sensitive material to said lens.

6. A photostatic camera of the class described including a holder for light sensitive film, a slidably moveable light excluding curtain, film feed rollers, a lens holder, an object holder movable parallel to said light excluding curtain, and means for sliding said curtain, said object holder, and said lens holder in the same direction, said lens holder moving at half the speed in respect to the sliding motion of said curtain, said means including a gear rack attached upon said curtain, a gear rack connected to said object holder and a gear rack held upon said lens holder, said racks being in mesh with gears attached upon a common shaft, the sliding motion upon said curtain and said racks respectively operating said shaft for transmitting a sliding motion to the lens holder and said object holder aforesaid.

7. A camera having a lens for photographing an objectupon light sensitive material in said camera including a slidably movable light excluding curtain normally covering said sensitive material, means for sliding said curtain and exposing portions of said material to the action of said lens, means for discharging-from said camera the ,materiai already exposed, a holder for said object, motion transmitting means connecting said curtain, said lens and said holder for movement in parallel planes in response to movement of said means for sliding said curtain, whereby uncovering of a quantity of said sensitive material by the sliding motion of said cur tain slides said lens and said object in the same direction, and means connecting said discharging means to said curtain for actuating the former upon movement of said curtain to cover the already exposed sensitive material.

8. A camera having a lens for photographing from an object holder upon light sensitive film in said camera, comprising a slidably movable light excluding curtain normally covering said film, means including a gear rack for sliding said curtain and exposing said film to the action of said lens, a set of rollers to discharge the already exposed film and to supply fresh film to the camera, means including a one way clutch connected to said gear rack for rotating said rollers, gear rack slidable means for supporting said lens, an object holder slidable parallel to said film having a gear rack connected thereto, gear and shaft means connecting said gear rack means of said curtain, said clutch, said lens and said object holder, whereby the sliding motion of said curtain slides said lens and said object holder in the same direction as the direction of motion of said curtain, said lens sliding at half the speed in respect to the sliding motion of said curtain, while the sliding of the curtain for covering the already exposed film operates said one way clutch and roller respectively to discharge the exposed portion of said film and advances fresh film to the exposure receiving position, and returns said lens and said object holder to their original position.

9. A copying camera comprising a holder for film, a lens holder slidable parallel and movable toward and away from said holder, an object holder slidable parallel to said film holder, a manually operated rotatable and axially movable shaft having a clutch element thereon, a cooperating clutch element, means connected with said cooperating clutch element for moving said film holder toward and away from said object holder, means for moving said lens holder toward and away from said film holder, and motion transmitting mechanism connecting the lens moving means to said shaft in one axial position of said shaft, and disengaging said lens moving means from said shaft when said clutch'elements are engaged.

10. A camera comprising a holder for light sensitive film, a slidably adjustable light excluding curtain therein, said curtain normally covering said film, gear rack means connected to said curtain, a slidable carrier for said lens, gear rack meanson said carrier, a slidably movable object table, gear rack means on said table, gearing connecting all of said gear rack means; a slotted lever having one end thereof pivotally attached to said curtain, a source of light on the other end of said lever, and an extension upon said lens carrier disposed within the slot of said lever, whereby sliding movement'of said curtain changes the position of a light spot projected from said source of light upon the object table.

11. A camera including in combination means for feeding variable lengths of film to a position to be exposed, a slidably adjustable curtain normally covering said film, a lens holder, an object table, a slotted lever having one end thereof pivotally attached to said curtain and a light source on its other end, an extension upon said lens holder engaged in the slot upon said lever, whereby movement of said slidable curtain pivots said lever upon said extension and changes the position of a spot of light projected from said light source upon the object table aforesaid.

12. A copying camera comprising a camera back having a holder for light sensitive material, a light excluding curtain movable to cover and uncover said material, a lens carrier movable toward and away from said holder and parallel therewith, gear and rack means for adjusting the spacing between said lens carrier and said holder, an object table parallel with said holder, a pair of parallel levers pivoted on said table, an object positioning bar connecting the ends of said levers, and means connecting one of said levers with said curtain to shift said curtain as said bar is moved.

13.,A camera including a holder for light sensitive film, said holder having an opening therein and a slidably adjustable light excluding curtain for closing said opening and normally covering said film, a slidably movable lens carrier, gear rack means on said lens carrier, a slidably movable object table, gear rack means movable with said object table, gear rack means for sliding said curtain, gearing connecting said gear rack means, a light source attached to the forward margin of said curtain, said light source being movable with said curtain, a secondary stationary light source within said camera at the edge of said opening adjacent the forward limit of motion of said curtain when the latter covers said film, the light beams of either one of said light sources converging through said lens and being projected upon the movable object table.

14. A camera including a holder for light sensitive film having a slidably adjustable light exeluding curtain therein, said curtain normally covering said film, a movable lens carrier, a movable object table, gearing connecting said ourtain, said tableand said lens carrier for simultaneous movement, a light source attached to the UNITED STATES PATENTS forward margin of said curtain and movable with 7 said curtain, the light beam of said light source Number Name Date converging through the lens upon said lens car- 5 2,213,734 Hopkins ept- 1 rier and being projected upon the movable object 23941992 Landmck, a1 Sept- 3, 1942 table to indicate the position of said curtain. 1,412,783 Greene pr. 1 1922 15. A camera including a holder for light sen- 2,035,553 Lloyd ar- 3 1936 sitive film having a slidably adjustable light ex- 1,302,194 Caps Apr. 21, 1931 eluding curtain therein, said curtain normally 10 1,964,722 Cunningham July 1934: covering said film, a movable lens carrier spaced 971,367 FTuwilth pt. 2 1910 from said curtain, means for sliding said curtain, 2,203,783 Hineline J un 19 and a light source connected to and movable with ,1 ,4 0Nei11 July 18, 1939 said curtain, and means for directing a light 2,047,478 Lloyd, 17 a1 July 6 beam from said light source to indicate the posi- 15 1,847,531 Kesses Mar. 1, 1932 tion of said curtain. 1,99 ,492 Lloyd Feb. 26, 1935 ARTHUR H. GAEBEL.

FOREIGN PATENTS REFERENCES CITED Number Country Date The following references are of record in the 20 file of this patent: I 604,237 German Sept. 27, 193% 

